Part Number Hot Search : 
80F6TR 21173E FDD36 00BGI JS28F 5KP440CA HMC49009 PG8080A
Product Description
Full Text Search
 

To Download GS6081-INTE3 Datasheet File

  If you can't view the Datasheet, Please click here to try to view without PDF Reader .  
 
 


  Datasheet File OCR Text:
  gennum products gs6081 11 gs6081 s s06006 01 www.semtech.com features ? supports data rates from 270mb/s to 5.94gb/s ? smpte st 424, smpte st 292 and smpte st 259 compliant ? supports dvb-asi at 270mb/s ? wide common-mode range input buffer ? 100mv sensitivity ? supports dc-coupling to industry-standard differential logic ? on-chip 100 differential data input termination ? input signal trace equalization ? dual differential coaxial-cable-driving outputs ? selectable slew rates ? adjustable output swing from 500mv pp to 1040mv pp ? independent disable controls for each output ? robust signal presence function ? excellent output eye quality ? power supply operation at +3.3v or +2.5v ? 135mw power consumption (+2.5v supply) ? operating temperature range: -40c to +85c ? small footprint qfn package (4mm x 4mm) ? new dual-output pin out ? use the gs6080 for a single-output variant that is drop-in compatible to the gs2988 ? pb-free and rohs compliant applications ? 6g uhd-sdi, smpte st 424, smpte st 292 and smpte st 259 coaxial cable serial digital interfaces description the gs6081 is a high-speed bicmos integrated circuit designed to drive one to four 75 coaxial cables. the gs6081 may drive data rates up to 5.94gb/s and provides two selectable slew rates in order to achieve compliance to smpte st 424, smpte st 292 and smpte st 259. the gs6081 accepts industry-standard differential input levels including lvpecl and cml. input trace equalization compensates for up to 10 inches of fr4 trace loss while in hd, 3g and uhd modes. this feature is enabled and disabled using the eq_en pin. the disable1 and disable2 pins power-down the first and second output drivers respect ively, leaving the serial data outputs in a high-impedance state. when applied simultaneously, the entire device is powered-down. the gs6081 features adjustab le output swing using an external bias resistor. the si ngle-ended output swing is adjustable from 500mv pp to 1040mv pp . an output signal presence function, the sp pin, indicates whether an active signal is present at the output of the gs6081. the gs6081 can be powered from either a +3.3v or a +2.5v supply. power consumption is typically 135mw using a +2.5v power supply with one output enabled. the gs6081 is pb-free, and the encapsulation compound does not contain halogenated flame retardant. this component and all homo geneous subcomponents are rohs compliant.
gs6081 final data sheet rev.4 pds-060046 july 2014 2 of 19 proprietary & confidential www.semtech.com gs6081 functional block diagram revision history version eco pcn date changes and/or modifications 4 020838 july 2014 updated max power and current values in table 2-2 . 3 016276 november 2013 corrected pin order in table 1-1 to match proper pin numbering arrangement 2 013845 july 2013 updated from draft data sheet to final data sheet. 1 012266 june 2013 updated table 2-3: ac electrical characteristics . changed the product name to gs6081 (and the doc id to pds-060046) to reflect the production-ready status of the device. 0 010383 december 2012 new document. ddi ddi rset equalizer sp eq_en sd_en sdo1 sdo1 sdo2 sdo2 disable2 disable1 band gap reference & output control output signal presence slew rate control
gs6081 final data sheet rev.4 pds-060046 july 2014 3 of 19 proprietary & confidential www.semtech.com contents features ....................................................................................................................... ............................................1 applications ................................................................................................................... ........................................1 description .................................................................................................................... .........................................1 revision history ............................................................................................................... .....................................2 1. pin out..................................................................................................................... ............................................4 1.1 pin assignment ............................................................................................................ .......................4 1.2 pin descriptions .......................................................................................................... ........................4 2. electrical characteristics.................................................................................................. ..............................6 2.1 absolute maximum ratings .................................................................................................. .........6 2.2 dc electrical characteristics ............................................................................................. ..............6 2.3 ac electrical characteristics ............................................................................................. ...............7 3. input/output circuits....................................................................................................... ..............................9 4. detailed description........................................................................................................ ............................ 10 4.1 serial data input ......................................................................................................... ..................... 10 4.2 input trace-equalization .................................................................................................. ............. 10 4.3 serial data output ........................................................................................................ ................... 10 4.3.1 slew rate selection (ris e/fall time requirement).................................................. 11 4.4 output disable ............................................................................................................ ..................... 11 4.5 signal presence indicator (sp ) .................................................................................................... 11 4.6 output amplitude (rset) ................................................................................................... .......... 12 4.7 output return loss measurement ............................................................................................ 13 5. application information..................................................................................................... ........................ 14 5.1 pcb layout ................................................................................................................ ......................... 14 5.2 typical application circuit ............................................................................................... ............ 14 6. package & ordering information .............................................................................................. .............. 15 6.1 package dimensions ........................................................................................................ .............. 15 6.2 recommended pcb footprint ................................................................................................. ... 16 6.3 packaging data ............................................................................................................ .................... 16 6.4 solder reflow profiles .................................................................................................... ................ 17 6.5 marking diagram ........................................................................................................... .................. 17 6.6 ordering information ...................................................................................................... ............... 18
gs6081 final data sheet rev.4 pds-060046 july 2014 4 of 19 proprietary & confidential www.semtech.com 1. pin out 1.1 pin assignment figure 1-1: 16-pin qfn 1.2 pin descriptions 5678 16 15 14 13 ddi 1 2 3 4 ddi 12 11 10 9 vcc vee ground pad (bottom of package) rset disable1 disable2 vcc sd_en sp vee sdo1 sdo1 sdo2 sdo2 gs6081 16-pin qfn (top view) eq_en table 1-1: pin descriptions pin number name type description 1, 8 vcc power most positive power supply connection for the input buffer and core. connect to +3.3v or +2.5v. 2, 3 ddi, ddi input serial data differential input. see section 4.1 for details. 4, 13 vee power most negative power supply connect ion for the input buffer and core. connect to ground. 5rsetinput external output amplitude control resistor connection. see section 4.6 for details.
gs6081 final data sheet rev.4 pds-060046 july 2014 5 of 19 proprietary & confidential www.semtech.com 6* disable1 input output disable 1 (control signal input). when set low, the first serial data outp ut is disabled (powered-down) and the sdo1/sdo1 pins are set to high-impedance. when set high, the sdo1/sdo1 pins will output a serial data signal. see section 4.4 for details. this pin has an internal pull-up. 7* disable2 input output disable 2 (control signal input). when set low, the second serial data output is disabled (powered-down) and the sdo2/sdo2 pins are set to high-impedance. when set high, the sdo2/sdo2 pins will output a serial data signal. see section 4.4 for details. this pin has an internal pull-down. 9,10 sdo2 , sdo2 output serial data differential output of second output buffer. 11,12 sdo1 , sdo1 output serial data differential output of first output buffer. 14 sp output signal presence (status signal output). indicates presence of a signal at the pre-driver to the devices output stage. see section 4.5 for details. 15 sd_en input sd slew rate enable (control signal input). sets the slew rate for sdo/sdo . see section 4.3.1 for details. this pin has an internal pull-up. 16 eq_en input equalizer enable (control signal input). see section 4.2 for details. this pin has an internal pull-up. note: this pin must be pulled high or left floating for operation in sd mode. center pad power connect to most negative power supply plane following the recommendations in recommended pcb footprint on page 16 . * note: when pins 6 and 7 are driven low together (or similarly when pi n 6 is driven low while pin 7 is left floating), the entire dev ice is powered-down. in this state, minimum power consumption occurs. table 1-1: pin descriptions (continued) pin number name type description
gs6081 final data sheet rev.4 pds-060046 july 2014 6 of 19 proprietary & confidential www.semtech.com 2. electrical characteristics 2.1 absolute maximum ratings 2.2 dc electrical characteristics table 2-1: absolute maximum ratings parameter value supply voltage -0.5v to +3.6 v dc input esd voltage 2.5kv storage temperature range (t s ) -50c to +125c input voltage range (any input) -0.3 to (v cc +0.3)v operating temperature range -40c to +85c solder reflow temperature 260c note: absolute maximum ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur. functional operation outside of the ranges shown in table 2-1 is not implied. table 2-2: dc electrical characteristics v cc = +3.3v 5% or +2.5v 5%; t a = -40c to +85c, unless otherwise shown parameter symbol conditions min typ max units notes supply voltage v cc 3.3v typical 3.135 3.3 3.465 v 2.5v typical 2.375 2.5 2.625 v power consumption (+2.5v) p d sdo1/sdo1 or sdo2/sdo2 enabled 135 160 mw 1 sdo1/sdo1 and sdo2/sdo2 enabled 205 242 mw 1 sdo1/sdo1 and sdo2/sdo2 disabled (power-down mode) 3 5mw 1 power consumption (+3.3v) p d sdo1/sdo1 enabled, sdo2/sdo2 disabled 185 222 mw 1 sdo1/sdo1 and sdo2/sdo2 enabled 284 340 mw 1 sdo1/sdo1 and sdo2/sdo2 disabled (power-down mode) 4 6mw 1
gs6081 final data sheet rev.4 pds-060046 july 2014 7 of 19 proprietary & confidential www.semtech.com 2.3 ac electrical characteristics supply current (+2.5v) i s sdo1/sdo1 or sdo2/sdo2 enabled 5461ma 1 sdo1/sdo1 and sdo2/sdo2 enabled 8292ma 1 sdo1/sdo1 and sdo2/sdo2 disabled (power-down mode) 11.8ma 1 supply current (+3.3v) i s sdo1/sdo1 or sdo2/sdo2 enabled 5664ma 1 sdo1/sdo1 and sdo2/sdo2 enabled 8698ma 1 sdo1/sdo1 and sdo2/sdo2 disabled (power-down mode) 11.8ma 1 output voltage v cmout common mode v cc - v out v input voltage v cmin common mode 1.4 + v ddi /2 v cc - v ddi /2 v sd_en, disable , eq_en input v ih i ih <= 150 a 1.7 v v il i il <= 150 a 0.4v sp drive strength 2 ma notes: 1. power consumed in gs6081 only. termination resistors draw extra current. table 2-2: dc electrical characteristics (continued) v cc = +3.3v 5% or +2.5v 5%; t a = -40c to +85c, unless otherwise shown parameter symbol conditions min typ max units notes table 2-3: ac electrical characteristics v cc = +3.3v 5% or +2.5v 5%; t a = -40c to +85c, unless otherwise shown parameter symbol conditions min typ max units notes serial input data rate dr sdo 270 5940 mb/s 1 additive jitter 5.94gb/s 15 ps pp 2 , 8 2.97gb/s 10 ps pp 2 1.485gb/s 10 ps pp 2 270mb/s 30 ps pp 2
gs6081 final data sheet rev.4 pds-060046 july 2014 8 of 19 proprietary & confidential www.semtech.com rise/fall time t r , t f 5.94gb/s 66 ps 3 , 8 t r , t f sd_en=0 135 ps 3 t r , t f sd_en=1 400 800 ps 3 mismatch in rise/fall time u t r , u t f hd/3g/uhd modes 35 ps 8 duty cycle distortion sd_en=0, 5.94gb/s 18 ps 4 , 5 , 8 sd_en=0, 2.97gb/s 14 ps 4 , 5 sd_en=0, 1.485gb/s 20 ps 4 , 5 sd_en=1 50 ps 4 , 5 overshoot sd_en=0, 10 % 4 output return loss orl 5 mhz C 1.485ghz 16 19 db 6 1.485ghz C 2.97ghz 12 15 db 6 output voltage swing v out r set = 750 750 800 850 mv pp 4 input voltage swing u v ddi guaranteed functional. 100 2200 mv ppd guaranteed to meet all published specifications. 250 2200 mv ppd output disable delay any output enabled to all outputs disabled 80 ns output enable delay all outputs disabled to any output enabled. 4 s one output enabled to both outputs enabled. 500ns 7 notes: 1. the input coupling capacitor must be set accordingly for lower data rates. 2. turning on input trace equalization wi ll reduce jitter in most applications. 3. rise/fall time measured between 20% and 80% applies to 800mv pp output swing only. 4. single-ended into a 75 external load. 5. calculated as the actual positive bit-width compared to the expected positive bit-width using a 1010 pattern. 6. orl depends on board design. the gs6081 achieves this specification on semtech's evaluation boards. 7. this output enable delay applies only to the newly enabled outp ut. the output that is already enabled is not impacted in this case. 8. results based on validation data using recommended application circuit. table 2-3: ac electrical ch aracteristics (continued) v cc = +3.3v 5% or +2.5v 5%; t a = -40c to +85c, unless otherwise shown parameter symbol conditions min typ max units notes
gs6081 final data sheet rev.4 pds-060046 july 2014 9 of 19 proprietary & confidential www.semtech.com 3. input/output circuits figure 3-1: differential input stage (ddi/ddi ) figure 3-2: differential output stage (sdo1/sdo1 , sdo2/sdo2 ) figure 3-3: control input (disable1 , sd_en, eq_en ) figure 3-4: control input (disable2 ) v cc v cc ddi ddi 50 50 5k 10k eq rc* v cc 700pf *rc network for trace equalization v cc v cc i ref sdo sdo v cc v cc v cc in vref pull-up 80a typical (50-150a) v cc v cc in vref pull-down 80a typical (50-150a) v cc
gs6081 final data sheet rev.4 pds-060046 july 2014 10 of 19 proprietary & confidential www.semtech.com 4. detailed description 4.1 serial data input the gs6081 features a differential input buffer with on-chip 100 differential termination. the serial data input signal is connected to the ddi and ddi input pins of the device. input signals can be single-ended or differential, dc or ac-coupled. the serial data input buffer is capable of operation with any binary coded signal that meets the input signal level requirements, in the range of 270mb/s to 5.94gb/s. the input circuit is self-biasing to allow for simple ac or dc -coupling of input signals to the device. 4.2 input trace-equalization the gs6081 features fixed trace-equalization to compensate for pcb trace dielectric losses. note: this feature is not available in sd mode, and therefore trace-equalization must be disabled when operat ing in this mode. the trace-equalization has tw o settings, off and on. on invokes a typical 3db gain value at 1.5ghz. 4.3 serial data output the gs6081 features dual curr ent-mode differential output drivers capable of driving up to 1040mv pp single-ended into a 1m length of 75 cable terminated at both ends. the output signal amplitude or is set using an external r set resistor. the sdo1/sdo1 and sdo2/sdo2 pins of the device provid e the serial data outputs. table 4-1: input trace-equalization eq_en function 0 typical 3db trace equalization 1 trace equalization off floating trace equalization off
gs6081 final data sheet rev.4 pds-060046 july 2014 11 of 19 proprietary & confidential www.semtech.com 4.3.1 slew rate selection (rise/fall time requirement) the gs6081 supports two user-selectable output slew rates. control of the slew rate is determined by the setting of the sd_en input pin. 4.4 output disable the gs6081 supports an output disable function for each serial data differential output. control of this function is determined by the setting of the serial output disable (disable1 and disable2 ) control pins. setting this pin low, disabl e power to the current mode serial data output drivers. when disable1 and disable2 are driven low simultaneous ly, the entire device is powered down, and the power consumption is minimized. 4.5 signal presence indicator ( sp ) the gs6081 supports a signal presence indicator function. the signal presence pin (sp ) is an active-low output that indicates a signal has been detected at the pre-driver output. the signal presence function measures signal-edge energy to indicate that the pre-driver to the serial data outputs is toggling. table 4-2: slew rate selection sd_en rise/fall time 0 uhd-sdi (5.94gb/s), smpte st 424 and smpte st 292 compliant 1 smpte st 259 compliant floating smpte st 259 compliant table 4-3: output disable disable1 disable2 sdo1/sdo1 sdo2/sdo2 0 0 or floating all chip power down 0 1 high-impedance operational 1 or floating 0 or floating operational high-impedance 1 or floating 1 operational operational
gs6081 final data sheet rev.4 pds-060046 july 2014 12 of 19 proprietary & confidential www.semtech.com 4.6 output amplitude (rset) the output amplitude of the gs6081 can be adjusted by changing the value of the r set resistor as shown in figure 4-1 . for an 800mv pp output with a nominal 7% tolerance, a value of 750 is required. a 1% smt re sistor should be used. the r set resistor is part of an internal dc fe edback loop in the gs6081. the resistor should be placed as close as possible to the rset pin, and connected directly to the v cc plane (traces/wires ma y cause instability). note: care should be taken when considering layout of the r set resistor. please refer to section 5.1 for more details. figure 4-1: v out vs. r set in order to determine the best starting value for r set , the following formula should be used: rset = 8*(rtrm/voutppse) where voutppse is in volts, and bo th resistances are in . rtrm is the value of the term ination resistors, which should be equal to the characteristic impedance of th e cable, and is typically 75 . the cable must be short ( 1m), and terminated at both ends for the formula to be valid. example: for a 75 cable, rtrm = 75 (at both ends), voutppse = 800mv pp table 4-4: signal presence indicator pre-driver output sp pin signal present 0 no signal present 1 0.500 0.750 1.0 1.25 1.5 rset (k) vout (v) 1.25 1.0 0.75 0.5 0.25
gs6081 final data sheet rev.4 pds-060046 july 2014 13 of 19 proprietary & confidential www.semtech.com rset = 8*(75/0.8) = 750 this formula is not valid for long, unterm inated, or improperly terminated cables. this formula should be considered as a starti ng point, and actual swing values may vary based on layout. 4.7 output return loss measurement the gs6081 has a feature designed to facili tate reliable output return loss (orl) measurement while the device is still powered. the device can be put into a balance mode which prevents the outputs from toggling while the device is powered on, allowing the orl to be measured while the device is still powered. when eq_en is low while sd_en is high, the de vice goes into balance mode. this mode is used during orl measurement, disabling the ac signal path of the device without powering it down. when in ba lance mode, the device produces equal pull-down currents in both differential shoulder s of both serial data differential outputs, effectively stopping all outputs at the output common mode voltage level. semtech recommends using balance mode when measuring orl with +2.5v termination voltage. table 4-5: typical r set values output swing (mv pp ) r set ( ) 1040 576 800 750 500 1210
gs6081 final data sheet rev.4 pds-060046 july 2014 14 of 19 proprietary & confidential www.semtech.com 5. application information 5.1 pcb layout special attention must be pa id to component layout when designing serial digital interfaces for hdtv. an fr-4 dielectric can be used, however, controlled impedance transmission lines are required for pcb traces longer than approximately 1cm. no te the followin g pcb artwork features used to optimize performance: ? the pcb trace width for hd rate signals is closely matched to smt component width to minimize reflections due to changes in trace impedance ? the pcb ground plane is removed under the gs6081 output components to minimize parasitic capacitance ( note: care should be taken, as removing too much of the plane will make the system susceptible to emi) ? the pcb ground plane is removed under the gs6081 rset pin and resistor to minimize parasitic capacitance. the r set resistor should be directly connected to the vcc plane ? input and output bnc connectors are su rface mounted in-line to eliminate a transmission line stub caused by a bnc mounting via high-speed traces ? high-speed traces are round-curved (rather than 45 or 90 angles) to minimize impedance variations due to change of pcb trace width 5.2 typical application circuit figure 5-1: typical application circuit ddi 2 ddi 3 vcc 1 vcc 8 vee 4 vee 13 sdo1 12 sdo1 11 sdo2 10 sdo2 9 rset 5 disable1 6 disable2 7 ***eq_en 16 sd_en 15 sp 14 10nf gnd 10nf gnd gnd gnd 10nf 10nf r* 4.7f 4.7f v cc 4.7f 4.7f 4.7f 4.7f 75 75 75 75 4.7nh** 4.7nh** 4.7nh** 75 75 4.7nh** * selection based on desired output swing and pcb layout. *** please refer to section 4.2. notes: gs6081 v cc v cc v cc 75 10nf gnd v cc 2.7nh** 2.7nh** 75 2.7nh** 2.7nh** ** typical value: varies with layout, and represents a trade-off between good eye shape and output return loss. for backward compatibility with previous generation cable drivers; 2.7nh -> 0w 4.7nh -> 5.6nh
gs6081 final data sheet rev.4 pds-060046 july 2014 15 of 19 proprietary & confidential www.semtech.com 6. package & ordering information 6.1 package dimensions figure 6-1: package dimensions 4.00+/-0.05 b 4.00+/-0.05 2x 2x 0.15 0.15 c c 0.10 c 16x 0.08 c seating plane 0.85+/-0.05 0.00-0.05 0.65/2 0.65 detail b scale:nts datum a or b terminal tip 0.20 ref datum b detail b 0.65 16x 0.35+/-0.05 0.10 0.05 c a b c datum a 2.76+/-0.10 0.40+/-0.05 2.76+/-0.10 detail b center tab pin 1 area a c
gs6081 final data sheet rev.4 pds-060046 july 2014 16 of 19 proprietary & confidential www.semtech.com 6.2 recommended pcb footprint figure 6-2: recommended pcb footprint the center pad should be connected to the most negative power supply plane (vee) by a minimum of 5 vias. note: suggested dimensions only. final dime nsions should conform to customer design rules and pr ocess optimizations. 6.3 packaging data 0.35 0.55 2.76 3.70 2.76 3.70 note: all dimensions are in millimeters. 0.65 center pad table 6-1: packaging data parameter value package type / dimensions / pad pitch 16-pin qfn / 4mm x 4mm / 0.65mm package drawing reference jedec m0220 moisture sensitivity level 1 junction to case thermal resistance, j-c 31.0c/w junction to air thermal resistance, j-a (at zero airflow) 43.8c/w psi, 11.0c/w pb-free and rohs compliant, halogen-free yes
gs6081 final data sheet rev.4 pds-060046 july 2014 17 of 19 proprietary & confidential www.semtech.com 6.4 solder reflow profiles the device is manufactured with matte-sn te rminations and is compatible with both standard eutectic and pb-free solder reflow profiles. msl qualification was performed using the maximum pb-free reflow profile shown in figure 6-3 . figure 6-3: maximum pb-free solder reflow profile 6.5 marking diagram figure 6-4: marking diagram 25c 150c 200c 217c 260c 250c time temperature 8 min. max 60-180 sec. max 60-150 sec. 20-40 sec. 3c/sec max 6c/sec max pin 1 indicator gs6081 xxxxe3 yyww xxxx - last 4 digits (excluding decimal) of sap batch assembly (fin) as listed on packing slip. e3 - pb-free & green indicator yyww - date code
gs6081 final data sheet rev.4 pds-060046 july 2014 18 of 19 proprietary & confidential www.semtech.com 6.6 ordering information table 6-2: ordering information part number package temperature range gs6081 gs6081-ine3 16-pin qfn -40c to 85c gs6081 GS6081-INTE3 16-pin qfn 250pc reel -40c to 85c
? semtech 2012 all rights reserved. reproduction in whole or in part is prohib ited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. t he information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed without notice. no liability will be accepted by the publisher for any consequence of its use. publication thereof does not convey nor imply any licens e under patent or other industrial or intellectual property rights. semtech assumes no responsibility or liability whatsoever for any failure or unexpected operation resulting from misuse, neglect improper installation, repair or improper handling or unusual physical or electrical stress including, but not limited to, exposure to parameters beyond the specified maximum rati ngs or operation outside the specified range. semtech products are not designed, intended, author ized or warranted to be suitable for use in life-support applications, devices or systems or other critical applications. inclusion of semtech products in such applications is understood to be undertaken solely at the customers own risk. should a customer purchase or use semtech products for any such unauthorized ap plication, the customer shall indemnify and hold semtech and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs damages and attorney fee s which could arise. notice: all referenced brands, product names, service names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners . document identification final data sheet information relating to this product and the application or design described herein is believed to be reliable, however such information is provided as a guide only and semtech assumes no liability for any errors in this document, or for the application or design described herein. semtech reserves the right to make changes to the product or this document at any time without notice. gs6081 final data sheet rev.4 pds-060046 july 2014 19 of 19 19 proprietary & confidential contact information semtech corporation 200 flynn road, camarillo, ca 93012 phone: (805) 498-2111, fax: (805) 498-3804 www.semtech.com caution electrostatic sensitive devices do not open packages or handle except at a static-free workstation


▲Up To Search▲   

 
Price & Availability of GS6081-INTE3

All Rights Reserved © IC-ON-LINE 2003 - 2022  

[Add Bookmark] [Contact Us] [Link exchange] [Privacy policy]
Mirror Sites :  [www.datasheet.hk]   [www.maxim4u.com]  [www.ic-on-line.cn] [www.ic-on-line.com] [www.ic-on-line.net] [www.alldatasheet.com.cn] [www.gdcy.com]  [www.gdcy.net]


 . . . . .
  We use cookies to deliver the best possible web experience and assist with our advertising efforts. By continuing to use this site, you consent to the use of cookies. For more information on cookies, please take a look at our Privacy Policy. X